United Nations

UNIS/NAR/913
29 August 2005

UNODC Announces Major Reduction in 2005 Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan

UNODC Executive Director says one field out of five cultivated in 2004 was not replanted in 2005

VIENNA, 29 August (UN Information Service) -- Antonio Maria Costa, Executive Director, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) disclosed 2005 opium cultivation, eradication and production estimates for Afghanistan at a press conference at the Presidential Palace in Kabul today.

According to the report, opium cultivation in Afghanistan has decreased by 21 per cent, down from 131,000 hectares (ha) in 2004 to 103,000 ha in 2005. Mr. Costa attributed this to the success of the Government of Afghanistan at persuading farmers to voluntarily refrain from poppy cultivation; to farmers' apprehension that the official ban on opium cultivation could be enforced via eradication; and to current market conditions in Afghanistan -- farm-gate prices for raw opium remain relatively low, offering farmers less incentive.

Mr. Costa saw close links between the elimination of opium cultivation and freedom for the Afghan people: "Democracy may never come of age in Afghanistan as long as violence remains the tool in dispute resolution, resource allocation depends on corrupt officials, and half of the national income is generated by opium," stated the UNODC Executive Director.

Production of Afghan opium in 2005 stands at 4,100 tonnes, only slightly less than the 4,200 tonnes produced in 2004. In 2005, favourable weather conditions also led to increased agricultural productivity, from 32 kg/ha in 2004 to 39kg/ha in 2005.  As a result, Afghanistan remains the largest supplier of opium to the world, accounting for 87 per cent of world supplies. In terms of opium cultivation, however, Afghanistan's share in the global total dropped from 67 per cent in 2004 to 63 per cent in 2005.

About 4,000 ha were eradicated by Provincial Governors in the spring of 2005, about 4 per cent of the 2005 opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan. The Central Government, under two separate eradication campaigns, destroyed opium crops in another 1,000 ha.  In total, over 5,000 hectares were eradicated in Afghanistan in 2005, roughly 5 per cent of this year's opium cultivation. "The threat of eradication reinforced President Karzai's persuasion efforts", said Mr. Costa, "and we all learned that crop destruction must be supported by assistance to farmers, so as to develop licit economic activities in the countryside."

UNODC is assisting the international community in committing additional resources in favour of rural development, a major deterrent to drug cultivation. "US dollars 500 million have been committed to the Afghan countryside for 2005/06. The international community must have the wisdom to fight drugs and poverty simultaneously," said UNODC Executive Director Costa.

The decline in cultivation was uneven across the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, thus an indication that Provincial Governors were not all equally committed to the cause of drug control, in some cases actually being part of the problem. "The fact that in certain provinces of Afghanistan -- Nangarhar, for example, with its minus 93 per cent -- cultivation has all but disappeared, tells us that the opium economy can be contained," said Mr. Costa. "Temporary gains can be made into permanent change by making sure food security and income generation programmes coincide with the destruction of opium crops."

UNODC recommendations for continued progress in Afghanistan include:

• The removal of corrupt governors in provinces where opium cultivation is not declining;
• The removal of government administration officials involved in the drug industry;
• Commitment by all newly elected members of the Afghan Parliament to abstain from the drug industry or to resign;
• Zero-tolerance policy towards warlords' involvement in drug refining (labs) and trafficking;
• Extradition of major drug traffickers via international arrest warrants;
• Commitment by farming communities to refrain from drug cultivation as a condition for development assistance.

"UNODC is, and will remain committed to helping Afghanistan to free themselves from the slavery of drug production.  We owe this also to the 100,000 people who die annually, directly or indirectly, because of their addiction to Afghan opium," stated Mr. Costa.

The United Nations salutes the commitment by President Karzai's Administration in addressing the opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan.

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The full Statistical Annex to the Note "The Opium Situation in Afghanistan" (as of 29 August 2005) can be downloaded at the UNODC website: www.unodc.org

For more information, contact:

Elisabeth Bayer, UNODC Kabul
(+93-79) 12-9286
Email: elisabeth.bayer@unodc.org

Kathleen Millar, UNODC Vienna
(+43-1) 26060 5629
Email: kathleen.millar@unodc.org